
When banks lend money to customers, banks, of course, expect their money back. Therefore, to minimize risk (the money is not returned, for example), in providing bank loans should consider a few things associated with good faith (Willingness to pay) and repayment ability (ability to pay) for customers to pay back the loan with interest. These consist of Character (personality), Capacity (capacity), Capital (capital), Colateral (collateral), and Condition of Economy (economic situation), or often referred to as the 5C (five C).
Character, nature, customs debtor (party who owes) is very influential in the provision of credit. Creditors (the creditor) to examine whether the debtor entered into the Register of the disgraceful (DOT) or not. For that creditors can also be researching his bio and information from their business environment. Information from the business environment can be obtained from the supplier and customer of the debtor. Moreover, it can also be obtained from Central Bank information, but can not be obtained easily by the general public, because such information can only be accessed by employees of the Bank of credit by using the password and the computer connected on-line with the central bank.
Capacity is related to the ability of a debtor to repay the loans. To measure it, the creditor may examine the debtor’s ability in management, finance, marketing, and others.
By looking at the amount of capital owned by the debtor or to see how much capital invested in its business debtors, creditors can assess the debtor’s capital. The more capital invested, the debtor would be viewed more seriously in business.
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